By Phil Hazlewood
Chibok, Nigeria—The road to Chibok from Damboa in northeast Nigeria isn’t really a road. It’s a dusty track where the only indications of a thoroughfare are the tyre marks in the sand of the taxis, lorries and cars that have gone before. Vehicles bump along the uneven surface, kicking up choking dust and sand even at low speeds. Often it’s difficult to see the car in front.
Few people outside the region had heard of Chibok until two years ago.
Then, on the night of April 14, 2014, Boko Haram fighters stormed the Government Girls Secondary School on the outskirts of the town and abducted 276 teenagers from their beds. The kidnapping—and the 219 girls who are still being held— raised awareness around the world of a brutal conflict that had largely gone unnoticed outside Nigeria.
AFP had been trying to get to Chibok ever since the kidnapping, but security concerns ruled out traveling: the Islamist militants were in control of most of Borno in 2014 and the state was the focus of a military fight-back throughout last year.
But even with the army now back in control of most of the northeast and the permission of the military to go, the theater commander in the state capital, Maiduguri, insisted on a heavily armed escort. We soon found out why.
Not a soul to be seen
Major roads to and from Maiduguri were reopened late last month, nearly three years after they were shut because of repeated Boko Haram attacks. The move has offered hope for a return to normal life after nearly seven years of fighting that has killed an estimated 20,000 people and left at least 2.6 million people homeless. But it’s hardly care-free motoring.
At the city limits in Maiduguri, hundreds of cars, taxis, minibuses and lorries laden with people and goods or both wait in the searing heat for the go-ahead to move the 90 or so kilometers (55 miles) southwest to Damboa.
AFP’s convoy comprised an armored personnel carrier, two army pick-up trucks in front and two behind, all camouflaged to match the parched terrain and equipped with heavy machine guns.
Four soldiers from the newly established army motorbike battalion on off-road bikes act as outriders. Just outside the city, children and adults wave or raise a clenched right fist in the traditional Hausa greeting.
Deeper into the scrub, the sobering effects of war are more visible: patches of tarmac potholed by explosions or shells; cars, pick-up trucks like the one we’re travelling in and minibuses blown up, burnt-out, twisted or cut in half.
Buildings are pockmarked with bullets or gutted by fire. In an area that was already sparsely populated before the conflict, there’s now not a soul to be seen.
Random gunfire
The vehicles slalom at speed in and out of the hazards and the occasional roadblock of felled trees and battered oil drums to a soundtrack of Nigerian gospel music. Then the lieutenant in the front passenger seat switches off the music and picks up his rifle. From ahead there is a crack, crack, crack of gunfire. Seconds later, another crack, crack, crack from behind.
I try to work out which direction the shooting is coming from. My heavy flak jacket and helmet suddenly don’t seem nearly enough protection. Everyone glances to the soldiers. Reassuringly, they seem unperturbed.
The location—a denser area of trees where a person could easily be hidden from the road and mount an ambush—is a known crossing point for the rebels between their bases in the southeast and the southwest of Borno.
Clothes have been spotted in the trees—a signal from the insurgents they have scouted out the area at night. The military firing back lets them know they’ve seen the sign. The tactic and the explanation underlines what we’ve been hearing for some months now: that despite government assurances the insurgents are “technically” defeated, Boko Haram fighters are still around and a threat.
Abandoned
Decades of under-investment and development, exacerbated by years of fighting, has left Chibok without electricity, water or decent roads. Only one mobile phone network works in the town—and even then intermittently. Since the mass kidnapping, there are now no state-run schools. Parents without the means can’t afford to send their children elsewhere to be educated.
Many people have been forced from their homes because of continued insecurity and live a precarious existence in Maiduguri, the capital Abuja, even 1,000 kilometers away in Lagos. Everyone I spoke to said Chibok had been abandoned and there was a desperate need for investment to rebuild for a better future. But local and state government is barely functioning here. At the federal level there have been empty promises.
Last March, just before the election he lost to Muhammadu Buhari, former president Goodluck Jonathan announced that rebuilding work on the Government Girls Secondary School had begun. His finance minister Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala flew in to Chibok to lay the foundation stone. But apart from neat piles of breeze blocks on the site, there is no evidence of work being carried out or indications it will start anytime soon.
Even the pledges of international support to Nigeria’s government to help find the missing schoolgirls have so far come to nothing. The millions of tweets demanding #BringBackOurGirls have come to nothing and as the second anniversary of the girls’ disappearance approaches, there appear to be few, if any, fresh leads about their whereabouts.
Nigeria’s military—newly confident after successes against the militants and backed by a government more committed to stamping out the insurgency—struggled to understand why we would want to visit Chibok. But it’s a symbol of the conflict, a glaring example of the huge cost of extremist violence to ordinary people, failures of security and governance and the daunting challenges of rebuilding.
As people are discovering, particularly with news that emerged this week that Boko Haram kidnapped 500 people, including 300 children, from the Borno town of Damasak only several months after the kidnapping in Chibok, what happened is far from an isolated case.