UKEREWE, Tanzania—It’s an hour after dawn on Ukerewe island in Lake Victoria and Alphonce Yakobo, face and hands withered by the scorching sun that has tortured his pigment-free skin for all of his 57 years, is vigorously sweeping the leaves outside his house.
“This is the best time of the day: the day has begun but the sun is not yet up,” he says. In a few minutes time Yakobo will put on a wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses and slather sunscreen over every bit of his exposed skin.
Yakobo suffers from a genetic condition called albinism, meaning his body does not produce melanin leaving his skin, hair and eyes devoid of pigmentation and protection from the sun.
Like all people with albinism, Yakobo has very poor eyesight and is extremely vulnerable to skin cancer.
But the sun overhead is not the only threat to albinos.
Here in Tanzania, as well as in Malawi and some other parts of sub-Saharan Africa, albino body parts are sought after for potions and charms thought to bring luck and wealth, and many fall victim to murderers who dismember their bodies to supply this grisly black market trade.
Canadian charity Under The Same Sun has documented 161 attacks on people with albinism in Tanzania in recent years, including 76 murders, more than anywhere else in Africa.
Yet Ukerewe island is relatively untouched by this phenomenon. “There were times when I was afraid in the past, but now I thank God because we can sleep at night without a gun,” says Yakobo, who works as a fishmonger in Ukerewe market.
“Here, we are safe, we are surrounded by water, no one can commit a crime and escape easily,” said Yakobo, who has three wives but regrets that not one of his 11 children is albino. “We could talk, and I would feel like I had passed on a part of myself.”
Over the years, Ukerewe has become known as a haven for people with albinism.
People say that it started long ago when families would abandon their albino relatives on the island, believing their unusual, ghostly appearance was the sign of a curse. They survived and thrived and others, ostracized by society, made their way there too.
“In many respects, Ukerewe is at the forefront of integration of albinos in society. And I think the fact that it’s an island plays a big part in the minds of people, but reality is a bit more nuanced,” says Harry Freeland, founder of the non-governmental organisation Standing Voice and the maker of a documentary about Ukerewe.
According to the Ukerewe Albino Society, there are 75 people with albinism living on the island of 200,000, a proportion roughly in keeping with Tanzania’s national average.
As elsewhere in Tanzania, body-snatchers have come to the island to dig albino corpses from their graves and in 2007 one person was attacked and had his white hair cut for use in witchcraft, says Vicky Ntetema, director of the Tanzanian branch of UTSS.
“But we have never had an albino murder,” points out Ramadhan Khalifa, president of Ukerewe’s albino community.
“Ukerewe is unique in that sense,” says Freeland. “It was in Ukerewe that the first census was done. The initiative came from the former president of UAS, and it was in 2006.”